Method of attaching a fitting to a pipe line



Sept. 5, 1939. LARRY r AL 2,171,577

METHOD OF ATTACHING A FlTTlNG TO A PIPE LINE Original Filed Sept. 14, 1936 5 Sheets-Sheet l I lnoentors Zz'mat/zy A/Zazz Larry [71151 CZz'ne (Ittorncgs Sept. 5, 1939. T. A. LARRY ET AL METHOD OF ATTACHING A FITTING TO A PIPE LINE Original Fil'ed Sept. 14, 1936 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Snvcntors Zmotky Alla/2, Larry FarZ 1 ZZZ/2e (Ittornegs Sept. 5, 1939. T. A. LARRY El AL METHOD OF ATTACHING A FLTTING TO A PIPE LINE Original Filed Sept. 14, 1936 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 W NJ 1 mm 5 m a m J L 9 f @w 7 Z V 47 n c 9. k i. MM M? Z ,-H// \\\H\\\\\ T m Sept; 5, 1939. T. A. LARRY ET AL 2,171,577

METHOD OF ATTACHING A FlTTING To A PIPE LINE Original Filed Sept. 14, 1936 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Ismaentors J'z'motky AZZarz Larry 1 EarZ 1 (Zine (Ittornegs wgm Sept. 5, 1939. LARRY r AL 2,171,577

METHOD OF ATTACHING A FiTTlNG TO A PIPE LINE Original Filed Spt. 14, 1936 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 (Ittornegs' Patented Sept. 5, 1939 METHOD OF AT'I'AOHING A FITTING TO A PIPE LINE Timothy A. Larry and Earl E. Cline, Decatur, .Ili.; said Cline assignor to Mueller Co., Decatur,

111., a corporation of Illinois Original application September 14, 1938, Serial No. 100,782. Divided and this application Jannary 25, 1937, Serial No. 122,249

2 Claims.

This invention relates to and has for its object the provision of methods for attaching a fitting to a pipe or pipe line in a convenient, expeditious, and economical manner.

6 YA particular object of the invention is to overcome the difllculties heretofore encountered in the repair and extension of pipelines containing gas, oil or other fluids. It will be understood that such pipe lines are customarily repaired or 10 extended without removing them from their location beneath the surface of the ground and preferably without loss 01 fluid.

Other objects of the invention will be apparent from the accompanying drawingsand descrip- 15 tion.

This application is a division of copending application Serial No. 100,782, filed September 14, 1936.

Referring to the drawings:

20 Figure 1 illustrates the use of the fitting with a shut-off apparatus where a pipe line extension is to be made.

Figure 2 illustrates the use of the fitting where a pipe is to be connected to a main line.

25 Figure 3 illustrates the use of the fitting as a substitute for the usual corporation cock in a service pipe.

Figure 4 illustrates the use of the fitting in combination with lay-passing apparatus for by- 30- passing fluid around a section of a pipe line.

Figure 5 is a view, partly in section, of the apparatus which is used to establish an opening in a pipe and within a fitting attached to the pipe.

35 Figure 6 is a side view of one form of the fitting, as it is customarily manufactured and sold, and before it is cut into two parts and attached to the pipe.

Figure 7 is an end view of the fitting shown in 40 Figure 6. a

Figure 8 is a longitudinal sectional view of the fitting of Figure 6, after it has been cut into two parts.

Figure 9 is a transverse sectional view of the 4s fitting of Figure 6, after it has been cut into two parts.

Figure 10 is a view, partly in section, of the fitting applied to a pipe and a shut-oil apparatus associated with the fitting.

60 Figure 11 is a transverse view, partly in section, taken on the line Il-ll of Figure 10.

Figure 12 is a horizontal section taken on the line l2--l2 of Figure 11.

Figure 13 is a detail sectional view of the fitting 66 and shut-off apparatus shown in Figure 10, i1-

lustrating the relative positions generally assumed by the parts when the shut-off member is longitudinally compressed and distorted.

Figure 14 isa transverse sectional view taken on the line 14- of Figure 13. 5 Figure 15 is a horizontal section taken on the line lS-IS of Figure 11.

Figure 16 is a view similar to Figure 15, illustrating the use oi the same apparatus with a pipe of smaller diameter. 10

Figure 17 is a longitudinal sectional view, similar to Figure 8, of a modified form of fitting, and

Figure 18 is a sectional view of the preferred form of fitting having a closure inserted in the 15 open end thereof and a cap applied over the closure.

Referring more particularly to the drawings, Figure 1 illustrates one of the uses of the fitting of this invention, the fitting I being applied to 20 a pipe 2 and having a shut-oil apparatus 3 secured thereto at its upper end. The shut-oil apparatus 3, as will be more fully hereinafter explained, includes a shut-off member which may be projected into an opening which has previously been established in the pipe and within the fitting for the purpose of shutting oil the flow of fluid at the point of attachment of the fitting. This operation may be carried out without substantial loss of fiuid or fluid" pressure and an extension may be secured to the dead end I of the pipe 2 without interrupting service to consumers whose service lines communicatewith the pipe '2.

Another use of the fitting i is shown in Figure 2, where a branch pipe 5 is to be connected to a main pipe 6 without substantial loss of fluid or fluid pressure. The branch pipe 5 is inserted through the lateral openings of the fitting i, which, in this case, need not be cut into two parts 40 and one end of the branch pipe 5 is welded to the side of the main 6. A gate valve 1 and an enclosed drilling apparatus such as will be hereinafter described are connected to the open end of fitting l for the purpose of drilling an opening in the pipe 5 and within the fitting i. After the opening is drilled, a shut-oi! apparatus, such as shown at 3 in Figure l, is attached to the upper end of the valve I in place of the drilling apparatus. An' enclosed drilling apparatus 8 may now be attached to the outer end of the branch pipe 5 and the drill may be projected through the branch pipe 5 to establish an opening in the main 8 and within the branch pipe. After the drill, associated with the drilling apparatus 8, as

is withdrawn, the shut-o! apparatus, cooperating with the fitting I. may be used to prevent fiow of fluid through the branch pipe I and the drill 8 may then be removed without substantial loss of fluid orfiuid pressure, and any desired pipe or pipe line system attached to the outer end of the branch pipe 5.

Figure 3 is a diagrammatic illustration showing a main pipe 9 and a service pipe ll connected thereto. In the usual municipal gas distributing system, the main pipe is located under the street paving and each service pipe, of which there are a large number, communicates with a residence or other building. In order that the flow of gas may be shut off in any service pipe when repairs are to be made within a building, it is customary to provide a corporation cock in each service pipe. very large number of corporation cocks, relatively few of which are ever used. is very expensive and the present invention provides an inexpensive fitting whichmay be applied to each service pipe in lieu of a corporation cock. When it is desired to shut oil the flow of gas through the service pipe, an opening may be established in the service pipe and within the fitting and a shut-off apparatus, shown at 3 in Figure 11. and more fully described hereinafter, is applied to the upper end of the fitting. when it is desired.

to restore flow through the service pipe, a closure may be inserted in the open end of the fitting and the shut-off apparatus removed without substantial loss of fluid or fiuid pressure.

Figure 4 illustrates the use of the fittings of this invention in combination with by-passlng apparatus where it is desired to by-pass the fiow of fluid around a section of a pipe line which is to be removed, repaired or otherwise operated upon. The pipe line is designated at II and fit-- tings i, i are attached to the pipe line H at either side of the section l2 which is to be operated upon. Gate valves 1, I are secured to the open end of each fitting and an enclosed drilling apparatus secured to the upper end of each gate valve whereby an opening may be established in the pipe and within the fitting, as will be more fully described in connection with Figure 5.

After the openings have been established and the drills withdrawn the gate valves I are operated to closed position, wherepon the drilling apparatus are replaced by by-passing apparatus I 3 and it. The by-passing apparatus i3 and H which include apertured housings connected by a by-pass line l5, differ from the shut-ofi apparatus shown at 3 in Figure 1 and to be described more particularly in connection with Figure 10,

'in that the-resilient member it, which is inserted in the pipe, after the gate valves have been opened, is provided with a cut-away portion at II. By adjusting these members It so that the respective cut-away portions i1 face away from the section i2, fluid will be permitted to fiow from the upper or pressure side of the line up through the cut-away portion i1 and the by-passing apparatus l3, through the by-pass line 15, down through the by-passing apparatus i4, and thence into the lower section of the pipe line. By applying pressure to the respective upper ends of the members It, they may be longitudinally compressed and laterally expanded into sealing engagement with the adjacent pipe wall whereby flow of fluid into the section i2 of the pipe line will be prevented. It will be apparent that by establishing a flow circuit through the by-pass line l5 before the section I2 is shut 05, there As will be apparent the installation of a.

ends of the fittings I without substantial loss.

The fitting i is preferably formed as an integral casting, as shown in Figures 6 and '1, although it may be formed otherwise, and in the usual installation it is thereafter divided into two parts, as shown in Figures 8 and 9, by cutting along the two sides at it. The fitting consists of a substantially cylindrical or tubular body l9, having an opening 20 at its upper end and closed at its lower end 2i. The upper end, as shown in Figures 8 and 9, is preferably threaded exteriorly at 22, for the attachment of the gate valve 1, or other apparatus, and the upper end is preferably also threaded interiorly as at 22, so that a threaded closure may be inserted, as will be hereinafter described.

The fitting is provided with aligned lateral openings 24, 25, which are adapted to receive a'pipe, and the openings are bounded by the laterally extending hubs or flanges 26 and 21. The lower cylindrical portion is provided interiorly with a circumferential ledge or projection 28, which is adapted to serve as an abutment to limit the inward or downward movement of the shut-off member which, as will be described, is inserted through the open end of the fitting.

The fittings may be made of a high grade cast steel, of a composition similar to steel pipe, thereby insuring weldability, and are manufactured in various sizes for use with pipes of various diameters.

The attachment of the fitting to a pipe is preferably accomplished in the following manner. ,A fitting is selected, the lateral openings 2|, 25 and hubs 26, 21 of which, preferably have an internal diameter appreciably or slightly larger than the external diameter of the pipe to which it is to be attached, for example, in actual practice a diiference'pf approximately one-eighth of an inch has been found suitable. After the fitting is cut transversely and separated into two parts as shown in Figures 8 and 9, the upper and lower parts are brought together around the pipe and welded to each other by transverse welds 29, 29, and the fitting is then welded to the pipe by the end welds 30, 30.

It will be understood that in its final or attached positions the fitting is preferably in upright position, that is, with its cylindrical body portion l9 disposed vertically and its open end 20 up, in order that the apparatus which is connected to the open end will be upright, although, of .course, installation of the apparatus and practice of the method involved is not dependent on such position.

It will be understood that the pipe line is usually buried several feet below the surface of the ground, that an excavation must be made to obtain access to the pipe, and that usually, therefore, the welding must be done within the excavation.

In order that the welding may be accomplished in an expeditious manner, the two parts of the fitting are brought together around the pipe which passes through the lateral openings 24, 25, and held with the fitting in horizontal position, so that one side joint l8 will be uppermost and readily accessible for welding from above. The side joint which is uppermost is welded, at 29,

and the fitting is then rotated about the pipe through approximately 180 oruntil the other side is uppermost, whereupon the second joint may be conveniently welded from above. Both sides having been thus welded, the fitting is turned to upright position and rigidly secured to the pipe by welding along the edges of the laterally extending hubs 26 and 21.

By reason of the fact that the internal diameterof the lateral openings 24 and 25 and the hubs 26 and 21 is, as stated above, preferably greater than the external diameter of the pipe, the fitting may be, and preferably is, so maintained with respect to the pipe that during the above described welding operations the fitting does not contact the pipe. Maintaining the sides of the fitting out of contact with the pipe, while they are being welded, will assist in preventing an undesirable transfer of heat to the pipe, and will also insure against any attachment of the fitting to the pipe, along the side joints, which would prevent rotation of the fitting. Furthermore, the provision of a space between the hubs 26, 21, and the pipe insures a stronger connection at the welds 30, 30 than would be possible if the hubs contacted the pipe, the increased strength being due in part to the tendency of the molten welding metal to fiow inwardly, between the hubs and the pipe, for a short distance, thus directly uniting a greater area of the pipe and hubs.

The construction, and method of attaching the fitt ng above described, not only enables the fitting to be manufactured and applied with great economy, but another problem, which heretofore presented serious difiiculties in the use of tubular fittings, has been overcome. Reference is made to the fact that difiiculty has been experienced in the use of the fitting disclosed in Patent No. 2,108,068, for Pressure control fitting, issued to Timothy Allan Larry, on February 15, 1938, due to breaking of the shell cutters which are inserted through the upper open end of the cylindrical portion of the fitting for the purpose of drilling through the pipe within the fitting. It has been found that this is caused by carbonizetion and hardening of the portions of the pipe, which are within and adjacent the walls of the vertical cylindrical portion of the fitting, due to the heat used in welding the joint between the fitting and the pipe. It will be understood that, while this hardening ofthe metal occurred principally at the outer margin of the area of the pipe wall defined by the cylindrical portion of the fitting, the diameter of the shell cutters which are used is preferably nearly as great as the internal diameter of the'cylindrical portion of the fitting, in order that substantially the entire cross section of the pipe may be cut out, and therefore the use of small shell cutters, which would out between the zones of hardened metal, is not feasible.

The problem thus presented is solved by the present construction and method in that the fitting is welded to the pipe at a substantial distance from the portion of the pipe which is to be out, and the zones of carbonized and hardened metal, which result from the application of the Welding tool to the pipe, do not extend to the area defined by the wall of the cylindrical portion IQ of the fitting. The desirable spacing of the welds from the area, which is to be cut, is made possible in the present embodiment of the invention by the provision of the laterally extending hub portions 26 and 21. Furthermore the conduction of heat, from the points of application of the welding heat to the area within the cylindrical portion IQ of the fitting, is diminished by reason of the fact that the fitting is spaced from the pipe at all points and therefore does not act as an additional conductor of heat to the said area, as it would if it were in contact with the pipe.

A further advantage of the radially extending hubs 26, 21 resides in the added strength that they give to the assembly, which may include various pieces of apparatus connected, directly or indirectly to the upper open end of the fitting. Such apparatus is necessarily subjected to stresses, including torques, and the hub portions greatly increase the rigidity of the structure.

It will be understood that in some instances, as for example where the fitting is to be attached to a relatively short pipe, such as the pipe 5 shown in Figure 2, the pipe may be preliminarily inserted through the lateral openings of the fitting and it will be unnecessary to cut the fitting into two parts. In such instances, the above described method of attachment may be modified in an obvious manner, since no side welds are necessary. The internal diameter of the lateral openings and hubs are nevertheless preferably appreciably greater than the external diameter of the pipe in order to obtain a stronger union between the fitting and the pipe and to reduce conduction of heat from the end walls interiorly of the fitting, as above described.

After a fitting has been welded to a pipe, a valve body 3| having a tapered valve seat 32 and provided with a valve, preferably a gate valve 33, operable by a handle 34, as shown in Figure 5, is threaded on the upper end of the fitting. An

opening may now be established in the pipe and 'bar 38 is slidably and rotatably mounted within the feed sleeve 31, a fluid tight joint being maintained between the two by means of conventional packing (not shown) secured upon the upper end of the feed sleeve 31 by an internally flanged collar 39. The bar 38 is provided at its upper end with an operating handle 40 having a conventional ratchet device thereon to permit the bar 38 to be rotated with a ratchet effect. A collar 4| is fixed on the upper portion of the bar 38 beneath the handle 40 and, in order that the bar 38 may be fed downwardly in the usual manner, a feed screw 424s threaded upon the feed sleeve 31 and may be connected to the bar 38 by means of a yoke 43 pivoted upon the feed screw and having its head portion slotted as at 44 so that it may be moved into engagement with the upper surface of the collar 4| as shown in Figure 5.

The lower end of the bar 38 is provided with a. central bore 45 for the reception of a pilot drill 46, which is retained therein by means of a pin 41 passing through suitable apertures in the bar and pilot drill. The lower end of the pilot drill is enlarged to provide a shoulder 46' thereon.

The lower end of the bar 38 is externally threaded for engagement with the internal threads of a shell cutter 43. and is provided with a flange 43, positioned above the screw threads, against which the upper end of the shell cutter abuts when the latter is tightly screwed onto the bar. The wall of the shell cutter is apertured as indicated at 43' in order that the flow of fluid through the pipe I will not be interrupted during the cutting operation.

In order to drill through the pipe I, within the fitting I! the bar 33 is moved downwardly, with the gate valve 33 open, until the pilot drill 43 engages the pipe. The yoke 43 is then swung into engagement with the bar 33, its slotted head portion positioned above the collar 4| of the bar, and the drilling accomplished by rotating the bar 33 by means of handle 43 and applying downward pressure by rotating the feed screw 42 to the right.

The diameter of the shell cutter 43 is preferably slightly greater than the internal diameter of the pipe I, in order that substantially the entire cross-section of the pipe will be removed, as shown in Figures 5 and 14.

It will be understood that the pilot drill precedes the shell cutter through the pipe and acts as a guide for the shell cutter. The coupons, which are cut out of the pipe by the shell cutter, will be caught on the shoulder 43' as the lower end of the pilot drill is withdrawn.

Owing to the fact that the drilling device is I completely enclosed, no fluid will escape during the drilling operation.

When the drilling is completed the yoke 43 is disengaged from the bar 33 and the latter is then raised to withdraw the shell cutter and pilot drill into the adapter 35. The gate valve 33 is now operated to closed position and the drilling apparatus 33 is removed by unscrewing the adapter 35 from the valve body 3|. Where a shut-off apparatus is to be attached to the fitting, as in the examples illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 3, and where it is desired to shut oil the flow of fluid through the pipe to which the fitting has been attached, the method and apparatus now to be described is employed.

Referring to Figure 10, the shut-off apparatus, generally designated at 53, includes an adapter 5| externally screw threaded at its lower end for attachment to the upper end of the valve body 3|. The adapter, which may be made in various sizes, is preferably provided at its upper end with internal screw threads for the attachment of a chamber or housing 52.

The chamber 52 is preferably substantially cylindrical and its lower end, which is open, is externally screw threaded for engagement with the internal screw threads at the upper end of the adapter 5|. serted between the chamber or housing 52 and the adapter to provide a fluid tight joint. The chamber 52 comprises the substantially cylindrical side wall 53 and a centrally apertured top wall 54. The side wall 53 is provided with an internally threaded opening 55 for the connection of a by-pass line as shown in Figure 5, but where the apparatus is to be used only for shutting off theflow of fluid through a pipe line to a pipe, the opening 55 may be sealed by the insertion of a conventional plug. The side wall of the by-passing chamber extends above the top wall 54 and the extension 55 is provided with internal threads for the attachment of a feed sleeve 51.

A bar 53 is slidably and rotatably mounted within the feed sleeve 51 and within the centrally apertured top wall 54 of the chamber or An annular gasket 5| is inaround the lower end of the feed sleeve, by means of a conventional packing 53 located between the feed sleeve 51 and the upper wall 34 of the chamber 52.

The bar 53 is provided at its upper end with an operating handle 33. Spaced collars 3| and 32 are fixed on the upper portion of the bar 53 and in order that the bar 53 may be forced upwardly or downwardly, a feedscrew 33 is threaded on the feed sleeve 31 and may be connected with the bar 53 by means of a yoke 34 pivoted upon the feed screw 33 and having its head portion slotted as at 35 so that it may be swung into engagement with the bar 53 between the collars 3| and 32, as shown in Figure 9.

The lower end of the bar 53 is provided with a socket 33 provided with left-handed internal threads, and a lower counter-bored socket 31 internally threaded with right-handed threads. The lower end of the bar 53 is slightly enlarged to provide a shoulder 33 for the retention of a sleeve 33, the uppercnd of which is internally flanged at 13. Hie sleeve 33, which is adapted to be slipped on over the top of the bar 53, during the assembly thereof and before the handle 33 and collars 3| and 32 are attached, extends below the lower extremity of the bar 53 and is provided at its lower end with internal screw threads for the attachment of the shut- Referring to Figures 10 and 11 the shut-oil means generally designated at 1|, includes a substantially cylindrical member 12, made of some resilient material such as rubber. Disc-like caps 13 and 14, which are preferably inwardly flanged as shown at 15 and 13, are positioned above and below the member 12. The caps 13 and 14 and the member 12 are centrally apertured for the reception of a rod 11 on which they are slidably mounted. The rod 11 is provided at its upper end with a slightly enlarged head 13 and its lower end is threaded for the reception of a nut 13 whereby the member 12 may be clamped between the upper and lower caps 13 and 14 when the nut 19 is tightened. The nut 19 is preferably provided with slots on its under surface and the rod 11 is apertured at its lower end for the reception of the usual locking pin 35.

The cap 13 is provided with a central and upwardly extending cylindrical portion 3| which is externally threaded for attachment to the internally threaded sleeve 53.

When the cylindrical portion 3| of the cap 13 is threaded into the sleeve 39 it will abut the lower end of the bar 53 and it will therefore be apparent that downward pressure on the bar 53 will be directly transmitted to the cap 13.' It will also be apparent that upward movement of the bar 53 will raise the cap 13 by reason of the fact that the internally flanged sleeve 53 engages the lower enlarged end of the bar 53 and also engages the upwardly extending central portion 3| of the cap 13.

The lower extremity of the bar 53, which forms the socket 31 is provided with slots 32, 32, adapted to receive lugs 33, 33, positioned on the upper surface of the'cylindrical portion 3|, as shown in Figure 12, whereby relative rotation of the cap 13, and consequently' the member 12, with respect to the bar 53, will be prevented.

When the shut-off apparatus is attached to theupper end of the valve body 3|, the shut-oil member 12 will be withdrawn into a position within the chamber 52, this withdrawal being 2,171,077 accomplished by disengaging the yoke 64 from the bar 58 and pulling up on the handle 60. After the shut-off apparatus 50 has been attached 'to the valve body and after all of the joints have been made tight, the valve 33 may be moved to open position. i

The yoke 86 of the shut-off apparatus is no swung to upright position engaging the bar 58 between the collars 6| and 82, as shown in Figure 10, and the feed screw 63 is turned to the right to apply downward pressure, through the collar 32 and bars 58, to the cap 13.

The cap '88 at the lower end of the member 12 is held against downward movement by the abutments 28 of the fitting and since the member 72 is made of resilient material, the downward pressure on the cap 13 will cause the member 12 to expand laterally as shown in Figures 13 and 14.

The caps 13 and H and the member 12 are slidable on the rod ll and therefore the position which the rod will assume, after compression of the member l2, will not always be the same as,

it will depend, to some extent, upon the frictional quality of the resilient material of which the member 12 is made. Figures 13 and 14 illustrate one position which the rod 11 may assume and it will be noted that the cap 13 has moved downwardly a considerable distance from the head 18 .of the rod 17, with the result that the head 18 is positioned within the socket 66. In view of this possible range of movement, the apparatus is preferably so designed that the diameter of the head 18 will be smaller than the internal diameter of the socket 66. It will also be noted that the fitting I should be of suflicient depth to allow for a considerable downward-movement of the rod 18.

Upon expansion of the member 12 of the shutoff apparatus, it will be forced into contact with the adjacent walls of the pipe, as shown in Figures 13 and 14, and act as a valve to close off the section of the pipe which is below or downstream with respect to the member I2.

- After the desired extensions or repairs are completed, the shut-elf apparatus may be removed, without substantial loss of fluid or fluid pressure, in the following manner.

The first step in the method of removing the shut-off apparatus consists in turning the feed screw 63, of the shut-oil apparatus 2, to the left to relieve the downward pressure on the shut-off member 12. This will result in a lateral contraction of the shut-off member, owing to the resiliency of the material of which it is made, and, the fluid will flow through the spaces thus created between the shut-off member and the adjacent walls of the pipe.

The yoke 64 maythen be disengaged from the bar 58, of the shut-off apparatus and the member 12 is drawn up into the chamber 52 by pulling up on the handle 60.

After the shut-oil. member 12 has been with-'- drawn, the gate valve 33 is operated to closed position, thus preventing flow of fluid into the shut-off apparatus, whereupon the shut-off apparatus may be detached without substantial loss of fluid or fluid pressure.

. Since, in most cases, it will not be convenient or economical to utilize the gate valve as a closure for the open end of the fitting for an indefinite period of time, a closure preferably comprising a plug member 84, having external threads adapted to engage the internal threads 23 of the fitting opening 20, is inserted in the fitting. This may be done without substantial loss of fluid or fluid pressure by detaching the shut-off member 12 from the lower end of the bar 58 and attaching to the latter a tool which is adapted to grip the upper surface of the closure 84. The adapter 6| and the chamber 82, together with the bar 58, carrying closure 88, may then be attached to the upper end of the valve body 3|. The valve 33 is then moved to open position and the bar 53 lowered and rotated to thread the closure 84 into the upper open end of the fitting. It will be apparent that after the closure 84 has been threaded into the upper open end of the fitting, the valve body 3| and the apparatus associated therewith may be unscrewed and removed without substantial the open end of the fitting. Means may also be provided for unscrewing the closure 84 from the open end of the fitting, after the valve body 3| and housing 82 have been secured thereto, without substantial loss of fluid or fluid pressure.

In the foregoing description it was pointed out that fittings I are preferably of such size that their lateral openings have an appreciably greater internal diameter than the external diameter of the pipe to which the fitting is attached, and that the openings which are established in the pipe and within the fitting have a diameter which is preferably larger than the internal diameter of the pipe, as shown in Figures 5 and 15.

In some instances, as for example, where the pipe which is to be operated upon is of unusually small diameter, the lateral openings of the fitting I may have a much greater diameter than the external diameter of the pipe, and the diameter of the shell cutter may be substantially greater than the external diameter of the pipe with the result that the entire cross section of the pipe is removed, as shown in Figure 16. In this case the shut-off or by-passing member expands laterally against the opposed end walls of what may be regarded as two pipes and satisfactory results are obtained.

There is shown in Figure 17 a modified form of the fitting, wherein the fitting 86 is provided at its upper end with an external, apertured flange 81 in lieu of the external threads 22 of the fitting This type of fitting, which resembles the fitting in all other respects, is adapted to be used with apparatus having correspondingly apertured flanges for attachment thereto by means of bolts and nuts.

Since the above apparatus and methods may be modified without departing from the scope of the invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be regarded as merely illustrative.

Matter described, but not claimed herein, is claimed in our copending applications Serial No. 100,782, filed September 14, 1936, and Serial No. 122,248, filed January 25, 1937; and also in the copending applications of Timothy A. Larry, Earl E. Cline, and Orville J. Hawkins, Serial No. 100,780, filed September 14, 1936, and Serial No. 128,284, filed February 27, 1937.

We claim:

1. The method of drilling a pipe and attaching thereto a fitting having a tubular body portion which is open at one end and which is provided with lateral openings and hubs extending outwardly from said lateral openings, comprising cutting the fitting transversely into two parts, the plane of severance bisecting said lateral openings. bringing the two parts together with the pipe passing through said lateral openings, welding the two parts to each other and welding the fitting to the pipe at the peripheries of said hubs and drilling the pipe by a tool inserted through the open end of the tubular body portion.

2. The method of drilling a pipe and attaching thereto a. fitting having a tubular body portion which is open at one end and which is provided with lateral openings and hubs extending outwardly from said lateral openings. comprising cutting the fitting transversely into two parts, the plane oi severance bisecting said lateral openings, bringing the two parts together with the pipe passing through said lateral openings, welding the two parts to each other along one 'side, rotating the fitting approximately 180 about the pipe and welding the other side, welding the fitting to the pipe at the peripheries of said hubs and drilling the pipe by a tool inserted through the open end of the tubular portion.

TIMOTHY A. LARRY. EARL E. CLINE. 

